Object data
black chalk, with grey wash; later additions in pen and brown ink; framing line in brown ink
height 96 mm × width 150 mm
Jan van Aken
Mountain Landscape with a River Valley
? Amsterdam, c. 1652
Inscriptions
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inscribed: lower right, probably in a late seventeenth-century hand, in brown ink (same colour as framing line), J. van Aken
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inscribed on verso: upper right, in red chalk or red ink (partially concealed), II; lower left, in a nineteenth-century hand, in pencil, J. v. Aken f.
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stamped on verso: lower left, with the mark of the museum (L. 2228)
Technical notes
watermark: none
Condition
Some rubbed-off grey ink in lower right and lower left corner; abrasion at upper right
Provenance
…; collection Jacob de Vos Jbzn (1803-78), Amsterdam; his widow, Abrahamina Henrietta de Vos-Wurfbain (1808-83), Amsterdam; sale, Jacob de Vos Jbzn, Amsterdam (C.F. Roos et al.), 22 May 1883 sqq., no. 637, with one other drawing (inv. no. RP-T-1889-A-2029), fl. 15, to Georg Carl Valentin Schöffer for the Vereniging Rembrandt;1 from whom, to the museum (L. 2228), 1889
Object number: RP-T-1889-A-2028
Credit line: Purchased with the support of the Vereniging Rembrandt
Copyright: Public domain
The artist
Jan van Aken (? Amsterdam c. 1614 – Amsterdam 1661)
According to a tradition of unknown origin, he was born in 1614 in Amsterdam. Houbraken described him as a ‘een Paardeschilder, maar in ’t klein’ (‘painter of horses, on a small scale’).2 His oeuvre consists of more than forty drawings and twenty-one landscape etchings, including a series of horses after Pieter van Laer (1599-1642)3 and four Rhine landscapes after sketches by Herman Saftleven (c. 1609-1685), one of which is dated 1648.4 The nature of Van Aken’s relation to both artists remains unexplored.
Among the examples of dated drawings include two from 1652: Valley with Ruined Bridge in the Special Collections, Universiteit Leiden (inv. no. PK-T-AW-3), and Rocky Landscape with Figures on a Road by a Stream in the British Museum, London (inv. no. 1836,0811.1).5 Only a handful of paintings can be securely associated with the artist, for instance a pair from the early 1650s, Dune Landscape with Travellers and Gypsies (1650) in a private collection,6 and Mountainous River Landscape (165(?)) in the Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie, Warsaw (inv. no. M.Ob.437 MNW), previously published as signed and dated 1650.7
What is generally assumed to be this artist, a certain ‘Jan van Aken’, brother-in-law of a Lammert van den Velden, living at the corner of the Nieuwbrugsteeg, was buried in the Oudezijds Kapel on 25 March 1661.
Annemarie Stefes, 2019
References
A. Houbraken, De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen, 3 vols., Amsterdam 1718-21, III (1721), p. 183; R. van Eijnden and A. van der Willigen, Geschiedenis der vaderlandsche schilderkunst, 4 vols., Haarlem 1816-40, I (1816), pp. 214-15; F.D.O. Obreen, Archief voor Nederlandsche kunstgeschiedenis, 7 vols., Rotterdam 1877-90, V (1882-83), p. 203; A.D. de Vries, ‘Biografische aanteekeningen betreffende voornamelijk Amsterdamsche schilders, plaatsnijders, enz. en hunne verwanten (I)’, Oud-Holland 3 (1885), p. 58; A. von Wurzbach, Niederländisches Künstlerlexikon, 3 vols., Vienna/Leipzig 1906-11, I (1906), p. 8; U. Thieme and F. Becker, Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler: Von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart, 37 vols., Leipzig 1907-50, I (1907), p. 158 (entry by E.W. Moes); F.W.H. Hollstein et al., Dutch and Flemish Etchings, Engravings and Woodcuts, c. 1450-1700, 72 vols., Amsterdam and elsewhere 1947-2010, I (1947), pp. 5-9; W.L. Strauss (ed.), The Illustrated Bartsch, New York and elsewhere 1978-, I (1978), pp. 267-79, nos. 1-21; W. Schulz, Herman Saftleven (1609-1685): Leben und Werke, mit einem kritischen Katalog der Gemälde und Zeichnungen, Berlin 1982, pp. 72, 113-14; A. Beyer et al. (eds.), Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon: Die bildenden Künstler aller Zeiten und Völker, Munich 1992-, I (1992), p. 700; P. Groenendijk, Beknopt biografisch lexicon van Zuid- en Noord-Nederlandse schilders, graveurs, glasschilders, tapijtwevers et cetera van ca. 1350 tot ca. 1720, Utrecht 2008, p. 57; https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/774
Entry
The present drawing is of the same type and format as inv. no. RP-T-1897-A-3396. The size of this pair – executed in a somewhat coarser style than the other drawings by Van Aken in the Rijksmuseum’s collection, less elegant and less ornamental in their respective contours – is smaller than inv. nos. RP-T-1889-A-2029 and RP-T-1897-A-3397. The black chalk is more clearly visible, serving not only for the initial sketch but also to define forms. Also belonging to this group of small drawings are sheets in the British Museum, London (inv. no. 1895,0915.1090),8 the Hamburger Kunsthalle, Hamburg (inv. no. 21627),9 and the Kupferstichkabinett, Berlin (KdZ 125).10
The figures were partially reworked with pen and brown ink, possibly by the same late seventeenth-century hand that added the artist’s name at lower right. The drawing in Berlin bears a similar inscription datable to the last third of the seventeenth century (as can be deduced by the old-fashioned ‘e’).
Annemarie Stefes, 2019
Citation
A. Stefes, 2019, 'Jan van Aken, Mountain Landscape with a River Valley, Amsterdam, c. 1652', in J. Turner (ed.), Dutch Drawings of the Seventeenth Century in the Rijksmuseum, online coll. cat. Amsterdam: hdl.handle.net/10934/RM0001.COLLECT.27094
(accessed 22 November 2024 08:52:27).